Icya mbere: Icya mbere, igipimo cy’ibiciro by’Ubushinwa kuri Kanada cyaragabanutse

Nk’uko ibiro by’uhagarariye ubucuruzi muri Amerika (USTR) bibitangaza ngo amahoro y’Amerika ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa ashobora guhinduka bikurikira:

Amahoro kuri miliyari 250 z'amadolari y'ibicuruzwa (miliyari 34 $ + miliyari 16 $ + miliyari 200 $) ntagihinduka kuri 25%;

Amahoro kuri miliyari 300 z'amadolari y'ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ku rutonde yagabanutse kuva kuri 15% kugeza kuri 7.5% (bitarakurikizwa);

Miliyari 300 $ B urutonde rwibicuruzwa byahagaritswe (bikora).

Icya kabiri: Ubusambo nimpimbano kurubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi

Amasezerano yerekana ko Ubushinwa na Amerika bigomba gushimangira ubufatanye mu kurwanya no kugiti cyabo kurwanya piratage n’impimbano ku masoko ya e-bucuruzi. Impande zombi zigomba kugabanya inzitizi zishoboka kugira ngo abakiriya babone ibikubiye mu gihe gikwiye kandi barebe ko ibikubiye mu mategeko birengerwa n’uburenganzira, kandi icyarimwe, bigatanga amategeko akomeye ku mbuga za e-bucuruzi kugira ngo bigabanye ubujura n’inyiganano.

Ubushinwa bugomba gutanga uburyo bwo kubahiriza kugira ngo abafite uburenganzira bafate ingamba zihamye kandi zihuse zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa ku mbuga za interineti, harimo kumenyesha neza no gukuraho sisitemu, kugira ngo bakemure ihohoterwa. Ku mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi zananiwe gufata ingamba zikenewe zo gukemura ibibazo by’ihohoterwa ry’umutungo bwite mu bwenge, impande zombi zifata ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa by’impimbano cyangwa ibisambo ku mbuga.

Ubushinwa bugomba kwemeza ko urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwananiwe guhagarika kugurisha ibicuruzwa byiganano cyangwa ibisambo bishobora kwamburwa impushya zo kumurongo. Amerika irimo kwiga izindi ngamba zo kurwanya igurishwa ry'ibicuruzwa mpimbano cyangwa ibisambo.

Kurwanya ubujura bwa interineti

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2. Ubushinwa bugomba: (一) gusaba gukuraho bidatinze imigabane;

(二) gusonerwa inshingano zo gutanga integuza yo gukuraho nabi muburyo bwiza;

(三) kongera igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga ikirego mu bucamanza cyangwa mu buyobozi kugeza ku minsi 20 y'akazi nyuma yo kwakira inyandiko-mvugo;

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3. Amerika yemeza ko inzira zubahirizwa muri iki gihe muri Amerika zemerera nyir'uburenganzira gufata ingamba zo kurwanya ihohoterwa ry’ibidukikije.

4. Impande zombi zemeye gutekereza ku bufatanye bukwiye mu kurwanya ihohoterwa rya interineti. +

Ihohoterwa ku mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi

1. Ku mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi zananiwe gufata ingamba zikenewe zo gukosora ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu bwenge, impande zombi zigomba gufata ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa by’impimbano cyangwa ibisambo ku mbuga.

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3. Amerika yemeza ko Amerika irimo kwiga izindi ngamba zo kurwanya igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa byiganano cyangwa ibisambo.

Umusaruro no kohereza ibicuruzwa byibisambo nibihimbano

Ubusambo n’inyiganano byangiza cyane inyungu z’abaturage n’abafite uburenganzira mu Bushinwa no muri Amerika. Impande zombi zigomba gufata ingamba zihamye kandi zifatika zo gukumira umusaruro no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byiganano n’ibisambo, harimo n’ibintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima rusange cyangwa ku mutekano bwite.

Senya ibicuruzwa byiganano

1. Ku bijyanye n’ingamba z’umupaka, ababuranyi bateganya:

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(二) ntibihagije gukuraho ikirango cyibinyoma kitemewe n'amategeko kugirango ibicuruzwa byinjire mubucuruzi;

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2. Ku bijyanye n’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, ababuranyi bateganya:

(一) bisabwe na nyir'uburenganzira, ibicuruzwa byagaragaye ko ari impimbano cyangwa ibisambo, keretse mu bihe bidasanzwe, byangirika;

(二) bisabwe na nyir'uburenganzira, ishami ry’ubucamanza ritegeka gusenya bidatinze nta ndishyi z’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa

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(四) ishami ry’ubucamanza, bisabwe n’umwenda, gutegeka nyir'impimbano kwishyura umwenda inyungu zikomoka ku ihohoterwa cyangwa indishyi zihagije kugira ngo yishyure igihombo cyatewe n’ihohoterwa.

3. Ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko mpanabyaha, ababuranyi bateganya ko:

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(三) uregwa ntashobora kwishyurwa mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kwamburwa cyangwa gusenya;

(四) ishami ry’ubucamanza cyangwa izindi nzego zibifitiye ububasha bagomba kubika urutonde rwibicuruzwa nibindi bikoresho bigomba gusenywa, kandi

Afite ubushishozi bwo gukiza by'agateganyo ibintu kugira ngo abungabunge ibimenyetso mu gihe nyir'ubwite amumenyesheje ko yifuza kurega uregwa cyangwa undi muntu wahohotewe.

4. Amerika yemeza ko ingamba ziriho muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zitanga kimwe ku biteganijwe muri iyi ngingo.

Icya gatatu: Ibikorwa byo kubahiriza imipaka

Muri ayo masezerano, impande zombi zigomba gushimangira ubufatanye mu kubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo igabanye ibicuruzwa by’ibihimbano n’ibisambo, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibicuruzwa. Ubushinwa bugomba kwibanda ku igenzura, gufatira, gufatira, kwamburwa ubuyobozi no gukoresha izindi nzego zishinzwe kubahiriza za gasutamo kurwanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa by’impimbano n’ibisambo kandi bikomeza kongera umubare w’abakozi bashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko. Mu ngamba zafatwa n'Ubushinwa harimo kongera amahugurwa agaragara ku bashinzwe kubahiriza gasutamo mu gihe cy'amezi icyenda aya masezerano atangiye gukurikizwa; Ongera cyane umubare wibikorwa byo kubahiriza mugihe cyamezi 3 uhereye igihe aya masezerano yatangiriye gukurikizwa no kuvugurura ibikorwa byo kumurongo buri gihembwe.

Bane ： ”ikirango kibi”

Mu rwego rwo gushimangira kurengera ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa, impande zombi zigomba kurinda byimazeyo kandi neza no kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane mu kurwanya iyandikwa ry’ibicuruzwa bibi.

Icya gatanu: uburenganzira ku mutungo wubwenge

Ababuranyi bateganya uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’imbonezamubano n’ibihano mpanabyaha bihagije kugira ngo hirindwe ubujura cyangwa ihohoterwa ry’umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge.

Nk’ingamba z’agateganyo, Ubushinwa bugomba gukumira bishoboka ko igikorwa cy’ubujura cyangwa guhonyora uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, kandi kigashimangira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubutabazi n’igihano gisanzweho, hakurikijwe amategeko y’umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, binyuze mu nzira yo kwegera cyangwa kugera ku gihano cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cy’amategeko gihanishwa ibihano biremereye, bikabuza ko hashobora kubaho igikorwa cyo kwiba cyangwa guhungabanya uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, ndetse no gukurikiranwa n’ibihano ntarengwa, igikorwa cyo kwiba cyangwa kuvutswa uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge mugihe kizaza.