Mu minsi mike ishize, guverinoma ya Indoneziya yatangaje ko izagabanya umusoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa biva kuri interineti biva ku madolari 75 bikagera ku madolari 3 kugira ngo bigabanye kugura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bihendutse, bityo bikarinda ubucuruzi buciriritse bwo mu gihugu. Iyi politiki yatangiye gukurikizwa guhera ejo, bivuze ko abakoresha Indoneziya bagura ibicuruzwa by’amahanga binyuze mu nzira ya e-ubucuruzi bakeneye kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, umusoro ku nyungu zitumizwa mu mahanga n’amahoro ya gasutamo kuva ku madorari arenga 3.
Ukurikije politiki, igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ku mizigo, inkweto n’imyenda bitandukanye n’ibindi bicuruzwa. Guverinoma ya Indoneziya yashyizeho umusoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga 15-20% ku mizigo, umusoro utumizwa mu mahanga 25-30% ku nkweto n'umusoro utumizwa mu mahanga 15-25% ku myenda, kandi iyi misoro izaba iri kuri TVA 10% na 7.5% -10% umusoro ku nyungu Itangwa ku buryo bw'ibanze, bigatuma umubare rusange w'imisoro ugomba gutangwa mu gihe cyo gutumiza mu mahanga wiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.
Igipimo cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitangwa kuri 17.5%, ibyo bikaba bigizwe na 7.5% y’umusoro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro 10% n’umusoro ku nyungu 0%. Byongeye kandi, ibitabo nibindi bicuruzwa ntibisabwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, kandi ibitabo bitumizwa mu mahanga bisonewe umusoro ku nyongeragaciro n’umusoro ku nyungu.
Nkigihugu gifite ibirwa byibanze nkibiranga imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere, ibiciro by’ibikoresho muri Indoneziya ni byo hejuru cyane mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, bingana na 26% bya GDP. Ugereranije, ibikoresho mu bihugu duturanye nka Vietnam, Maleziya, na Singapore bingana na 15% bya GDP, Ubushinwa bufite 15%, kandi ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba birashobora kugera kuri 8%.
Icyakora, abantu bamwe mu nganda bagaragaje ko nubwo iyi politiki yagize ingaruka zikomeye, isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ryo muri Indoneziya riracyafite iterambere ryinshi rigomba kuvumburwa. "Isoko rya Indoneziya rifite ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga bitewe n'abaturage, kwinjira kuri interineti, urwego rw'umuturage winjiza, ndetse no kutagira ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kwishyura imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyifuzo cy'abaguzi ku rugero runaka Icyakora, icyifuzo cyo guhaha ku mipaka kizakomeza kuba gikomeye. Isoko rya Indoneziya riracyafite amahirwe."
Kugeza ubu, hafi 80% by'isoko rya e-bucuruzi rya Indoneziya ryiganjemo urubuga rwa e-bucuruzi rwa C2C. Abakinnyi bakomeye ni Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Shopee, Lazada, BliBli, na JDID. Abakinnyi batanze hafi miliyari 7 kugeza kuri miliyari 8 GMV, ingano ya buri munsi yari miliyoni 2 kugeza kuri 3, igiciro cyabakiriya cyari amadorari 10, naho ibicuruzwa byabacuruzi byari hafi miliyoni 5.
Muri bo, imbaraga z'abakinnyi b'Abashinwa ntizishobora gusuzugurwa. Lazada, urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya rwaguzwe na Alibaba, rwabonye umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere burenga 200% mu myaka ibiri ikurikiranye muri Indoneziya, n’ubwiyongere bw’abakoresha burenga 150% mu myaka ibiri ikurikiranye.
Shopee, ishoramari na Tencent, nayo ifata Indoneziya nkisoko rinini. Bivugwa ko ibicuruzwa byose byateganijwe muri Indoneziya mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2019 byageze kuri miliyoni 63.7 byateganijwe, bihwanye n’ikigereranyo cyo gutumiza buri munsi kingana na 700.000. Raporo iheruka gukorwa na APP Annie ivuga ko Shopee iri ku mwanya wa cyenda mu gukuramo APP muri Indoneziya kandi iza ku mwanya wa mbere muri porogaramu zose zo guhaha.
Mubyukuri, nk'isoko rinini mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ihungabana rya politiki ya Indoneziya ryahoraga rihangayikishije cyane ku bagurisha. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, guverinoma ya Indoneziya yagiye ihindura politiki ya gasutamo. Nko muri Nzeri 2018, Indoneziya yongereye igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ku bwoko burenga 1100 bw’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi inshuro zigera kuri enye, biva kuri 2.5% -7.5% icyo gihe bigera ku 10%.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hari isoko rikenewe cyane, naho kurundi ruhande, politiki ikomeje gukaza umurego. Iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byambukiranya imipaka ku isoko rya Indoneziya biracyari ingorabahizi mu bihe biri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2020