UMTHETHO KAREESE – 16 CFR 1263
Ngomhla ziyi-16 Agasti 2022 uMongameli wase-US u-Joe Biden wasayina umthetho ovikela izingane nabanye abathengi ezingozini ezihlobene nokungenwa ngephutha kwamabhethri ebhathini noma amabhethri emali. "Umthetho kaReese" wadalwa ukuhlonipha uReese Hamsmith, ingane enezinyanga eziyi-18 eyashona ngo-2020 ngemuva kokudonsa ibhethri lenkinobho kwisilawuli kude.
NgoSepthemba 21, 2023Ikhomishini Yezokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi YaseMelika (CPSC)ishicilele umthetho wokugcina onezinhlinzeko ezibaluliweinkinobho kanye nezinhlamvu zemali amabhethriezitholakala emikhiqizweni evamile yasendlini.
Umthetho wokugcina uqukethe izaziso ezimbili ze-Federal Register: esisodwa esihlanganisa inguqulo yango-2023 yezinga lemboni.I-UL 4200Anjengomthetho oyisibopho wombuso (ukwamukelwa kwe-16 CFR 1263), kanye nokunye kwethula izimfuneko zokupakishwa ezengeziwe nokulebula zamabhethri enkinobho nohlamvu lwemali olungamboziweI-UL 4200A.
Lezi zidingo azisebenzi emikhiqizweni yamathoyizi yezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 uma imikhiqizo ihambisana nazoI-ASTM F963 Izinga Lokuphepha Lethoyizi.
Idethi esebenzayo ye-16 CFR 1263, ngaphandle uma i-CPSC ithola futhi yamukela “ukuphawula okukhulu okubi” ngo-Okthoba 23, 2023, kodwa Ikhomishini inikeza isikhathi senguquko sezinsuku eziyi-180 sokusebenzisa ukuqonda kusukela ngoSepthemba 21, 2023, kuze kube nguMashi 19, 2024.
Ukumaka- Ukupakisha
Ngaphandle kokuthi ezimweni lapho umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokupakishwa noma iphaneli yokupakisha incane kakhulu, iphaneli yokubonisa eyinhloko izoqukatha ilebula eyisixwayiso. Isithonjana kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-7 mm ububanzi no-9 mm ubude. Isithonjana kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-8 mm (0.31 in) ububanzi. Umbhalo okulebula yesixwayiso uzoba njengoba kukhonjisiwe. Uma ukulebula ephrintiwe usebenzisa umbala ongaphezu kowodwa ukumaka kufanele kusebenzise imibala njengoba kukhonjisiwe.
Ukumaka- Umkhiqizo
Ngaphandle kwezimo lapho umkhiqizo unendawo elinganiselwe kakhulu, imikhiqizo yabathengi izomakwa ngelebula eliyisixwayiso kuphaneli yokubonisa umkhiqizo elazisa umthengi ngobukhona benkinobho yeseli noma ibhethri lemali. Umbhalo oyisixwayiso uzofaka uphawu lwesixwayiso sokuphepha, igama lesiginali, nombhalo. Uma kulebula ephrintiwe kusetshenziswa umbala ongaphezu kowodwa ukumaka kufanele kusebenzise umbala njengoba kukhonjisiwe.
Izidingo Zezincwadi Zokufundisa
Imiyalo namamanyuwali, uma enikeziwe, izofaka zonke izimpawu ezisebenzayo kanye nezitatimende ezibhalwe ngezansi. Uma iziqondiso namamanuwali akunikeziwe, izitatimende zizoba khona kuphaneli yokubonisa eyinhloko noma iphaneli yesibonisi yesibili yokupakishwa komkhiqizo wabathengi, noma uma kungekho ukupakishwa komkhiqizo womthengi, ilebula le-hang ehambisana nalo noma ilebula yesitikha.
a) Isitatimende esithi “Susa futhi ngokushesha uwasebenzise kabusha noma ulahle amabhethri asesebenzile ngokwemithetho yendawo futhi uqhelelane nezingane. UNGALAHLI amabhethri kudoti wasendlini noma emlilweni.”
b) Isitatimende esithi “Ngisho namabhethri asetshenzisiwe angabangela ukulimala okukhulu noma ukufa.”
c) Isitatimende esithi “Shayela isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ukuze uthole ulwazi lokwelashwa.”
d) Isitatimende esibonisa uhlobo lwebhethri oluhambisanayo (isb, LR44, CR2032).
e) Isitatimende esibonisa amandla kagesi ebhethri.
f) Isitatimende esithi “Amabhethri angashajwa akumele ashajwe kabusha.”
g) Isitatimende esithi “Ungaphoqeleli ukukhipha, ukushajwa kabusha, ukuqaqa, ukushisa ngenhla (isilinganiso sokushisa esicacisiwe somkhiqizi) noma ukushisisa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungase kubangele ukulimala ngenxa yokuphuma umoya, ukuvuza noma ukuqhuma okuholela ekushiseni kwamakhemikhali.
Imikhiqizo enenkinobho/amabhethri eseli yemali eshintshwayo izofaka phakathi
a) Isitatimende esithi “Qinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri afakwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana ne-polarity (+ kanye -).”
b) Isitatimende esithi “Ungawahlanganisi amabhethri amadala namasha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri, njenge-alkaline, i-carbon-zinc, noma amabhethri aphinde ashajwe.”
c) Isitatimende esithi “Susa bese uwasebenzisa kabusha ngokushesha noma ulahle amabhethri ezintweni ezingasetshenzisiwe isikhathi eside ngokwemithetho yendawo.”
d) Isitatimende esithi “Hlala uvikela ngokuphelele indawo yebhethri. Uma indawo yebhethri ingavaleki ngokuphephile, yeka ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo, khipha amabhethri, futhi uwagcine kude nezingane.”
Ukusebenza
Ukuvikelwa Ekudleni noma Ekufunweni Kwenkinobho/Ibhethri Yeseli Yemali
Imikhiqizo ngeke yethule ubungozi bokufinyelela izingane zingahlosile kumaseli enkinobho/emali. Amabhethri ezinkinobho/uhlamvu lwemali ngeke afinyeleleke noma akhululwe emkhiqizweni ngenxa yokuhlolwa kokuhlukunyezwa kwemishini kumazinga okuphepha asebenzayo omkhiqizo, futhi imikhiqizo enamaseli enkinobho/uhlamvu lwemali izothobelana nokuhlola okuku-6.2 – 6.4.:
Isampula eyodwa yokuhlola izoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo zesimo sangaphambilini ngokulandelana ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ku-6.3 no-6.4, njengoba kusebenza:
a) Ukuhlolwa Kokunciphisa Ingcindezi
- Isampula yomkhiqizo ophelele kufanele ibekwe kuhhavini womoya ozungezayo isikhathi esingamahora angu-7. Izinga lokushisa likahhavini kufanele limiswe libe phezulu kokuthi (1) noma (2) ngezansi. Ngemva kokukhishwa kuhhavini, isampula ivunyelwe ukupholisa ekamelweni lokushisa.
1) 70°C (158°F); noma
2) 10°C (18°F) ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezindawo ezivalekile ze-thermoplastic, umnyango/amakhava wegumbi lebhethri, noma izindlela zekhompathi yebhethri/ikhava ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile okuqinile kwedivayisi.
b) Ukuhlolwa Kokushintsha Ibhethri
- Umnyango/ikhava yegumbi lebhethri izovulwa futhi ivalwe, futhi ibhethri likhishwe futhi lishintshwe, ingqikithi yemijikelezo eyi-10. Inqubo izolingisa ukumiselela ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
Izivivinyo Zokuhlukumeza
Ukuhlola ku-6.3.2 – 6.3.4 kuzokwenziwa ngokulandelana, njengoba kusebenza, kusampula eyodwa yomkhiqizo onesimo sangaphambilini. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imibandela yokuhlolwa isiqediwe, ukuthobelana kuhlolwa ngu-6.3.5.
Drop Test
Amadivayisi aphathekayo angaphansi kokuhlolwa kokuwa ukusuka kubude obungu-1.0 m (39.4 in) endaweni yokhuni oluqinile oluvundlile ezindaweni ezingase zikhiqize amandla amakhulu endaweni yebhethri noma indawo evalekile.
Amadivayisi aphathekayo angaphansi kokwehla okungu-3, ngaphandle kokuthi imikhiqizo ephathwa ngesandla ingaphansi kokuthopha okungu-10. Indawo yokhuni oluqinile kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-13 mm (1/2 in) ugqinsi, igxunyekwe izendlalelo ezimbili ze-plywood ewugqinsi engu-19 mm (3/4 in) ewugqinsi, ibekwe phezu kukakhonkolo noma indawo efanayo engaqinile.
Ukuhlolwa Komthelela
Indawo evalekile noma umnyango/ikhava yebhethri izoba ngaphansi kwemithelela emithathu, 2-J (1.5-ft·lbf). Lo mthelela uzokhiqizwa ngokuwisa indilinga yensimbi, engu-50.8 mm (amayintshi angu-2) ububanzi, futhi inesisindo esicishe sibe ngu-0.5 kg (1.1 lb) ukusuka ekuphakameni okudingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe umthelela oshiwo noma i-sphere yensimbi izomiswa ngentambo futhi ijikijelwe njenge-pendulum, yehle ngebanga eliqondile ukuze ishaye indawo engaphezulu edingekayo ukuze ibangele umthelela wayo. I-steel sphere iwukushaya umnyango wegumbi lebhethri/ikhava ngokuqondile endaweni ebiyelwe.
Crush Test
Isampula izosekelwa indawo esekelayo eqinile egxilile, ezindaweni ezingase zikhiqize imiphumela emibi kakhulu inqobo nje uma isikhundla singazisekela ngokwaso. Amandla okuchoboza angu-330 ±5 N (74.2 ±1.1 lbf) asetshenziswa isikhathi esingama-10 s ezindaweni eziveziwe. Amandla azosetshenziswa ngendawo eyisicaba enesilinganiso esingu-100 ngo-250 mm (3.9 by 9.8 in). Uma ingane ikwazi ukubamba noma iyiphi ingxenye yegumbi lebhethri elivalekile emkhiqizweni womthengi kuhlanganise nomnyango noma ikhava, okungenani ngesithupha nomunwe wangaphambili, noma isebenzisa amazinyo, sebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo.
Ukuhlolwa kweTorque
- Faka Ukuhlolwa Kwetorque Kokususwa Kwezinto I-ASTM F963 ngayinye, endaweni ebiyelwe yegumbi lebhethri, usebenzisa i-torque okungenani engu-0.50 Nm (4.4 in-lbf).
Tension Test
- Faka Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi Kokususwa Kwezingxenye nge-ASTM F963 ngayinye, endaweni ebiyelwe yebhethri, usebenzisa amandla okungenani angu-72.0 N (16.2 lbf).
Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana
Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-6.3.2 – 6.3.4B, amandla angu-50 +10/-0 N (11.2 +2.2/-0 lbf) asetshenziswa amasekhondi angu-10 kumnyango/ikhava yegumbi lebhethri noma indawo ebiyelwe ngomunwe wokuhlola oqinile ngokwe-Test Probe 11 ye-IEC 61032 Indawo esetshenziswa kakhulu i-IEC 61032. isiqondiso esingalungile. Amandla azosetshenziswa endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Umnyango/ikhava yegumbi lebhethri ngeke ivuleke futhi izohlala isebenza. Ibhethri ngeke lifinyeleleke.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2024