Imwe: Imigendekere yakazi muri Amerika mumyaka icumi iri imbere (raporo ya McKinsey)

a. Muri rusange, Amerika izakomeza kwiyongera mu mirimo mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

b. McKinsey atangaza ko akazi kazakomeza kwiyongera mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhanga rya STEM, guhanga no gucunga, ubucuruzi n'amategeko, imiyoborere, uburezi n'amahugurwa y'imyuga, serivisi z’abakiriya no kugurisha, gucunga umutungo, ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, n'ibikoresho mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

c. Ubuzima hamwe na STEM bijyanye niterambere ryakazi birenze 30%. Gukura kwa STEM ntabwo bigoye kubyumva. Ubwiyongere bwumubare wubuzima nubuvuzi biterwa ahanini nuko abantu bifuza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze kugirango bongere ubuzima bwabo, kandi kwagura ubuzima biganisha ku gusaza kwisi.

d. Gushyira imashini no kuyitunganya, umuganda rusange, umurongo witeranirizo hamwe nabakozi bakora imashini, serivisi zokurya, nabakozi bo mubiro byibanze bazabura akazi kubera ubwenge bwubukorikori mumyaka icumi iri imbere.

McKinsey avuga ko imirimo izamuka vuba mu bice bitanu by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, guhanga, ubutunzi, inkunga-amarangamutima, ndetse n'ubuvuzi mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

a. Ikoranabuhanga ryimbere: abategura software

b. Icyiciro cyo kurema: abashushanya imbere, multimediya na animasiyo, hamwe nabashushanya, nibindi.

c. Gucunga umutungo: inzobere mu mirire; umuhuza; gukora impuguke mu by'imiterere; ushinzwe umutungo, nibindi

d. Inkunga mbonezamubano n'amarangamutima: abahugura, amavuriro / ubujyanama, hamwe naba psychologue b'ishuri, nibindi.

e. Ubuvuzi: therapiste physique; umuforomo; umufasha wumuganga; umuganga; umufasha wihariye, nibindi.

Mubikorwa biri imbere, abakozi benshi kandi benshi bazasabwa kugira ubushobozi buke bwo kumenya (guhanga, ubushobozi bwo gukemura amakuru akomeye kugirango bakemure ibibazo), imibereho myiza n’itumanaho (ibikorwa, ubuyobozi nubuhanga bwo kuyobora), hamwe nubushobozi bwa tekinike (ubushobozi bwo gutangiza gahunda / ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru).

Icya kabiri: Umubano hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi uzarushaho kuba ingorabahizi mu myaka icumi iri imbere

a. Ibihugu bitandatu bikomeye ku isi: Amerika, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (muri rusange, ubushobozi bwabyo bukora bihwanye n’igihugu kinini), Ubuyapani, Ubuhinde

Burezili ntiyabaruwe, nubwo ari nini bihagije kugirango ibe igihugu kinini, ikibabaje, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ni bubi.

Ishyamba rya Amazone ryibihaha binini kwisi ni muri Berezile, naho uruzi rwa Amazone, impyiko yisi, narwo muri Berezile. Amazi akungahaye kangahe? No mugihe cyizuba, amazi yacyo akubye inshuro 8 uruzi rwa Yangtze.

Ikibanza muri Berezile nuko ibintu bimeze neza cyane. Niba ari byiza cyane, bizoroha kugira ibibazo: ubunebwe nubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya, kandi iterambere ryabantu ripimirwa ahanini nubushobozi bwo gutunganya.

Uburusiya bufite abaturage bake ugereranije na miliyoni 142 kandi umubare w'abana bavuka ni 0,67 gusa. Umugore ntashobora kubyara; abatuye Uburayi n'Ubuyapani nabo barashaje. Ukurikije abaturage, umutungo, hamwe nubushobozi bwigihugu bwo gutunganya ibintu, ibintu mubushinwa, Amerika, nu Buhinde ni byiza.

b. Ejo hazaza h’umubano wu Bushinwa nu Buyapani bigomba kuba ibibazo cyane

Ubuyapani, ku giti cyanjye nibwira ko bigoye cyane mu bihugu byose ku isi kwemera izamuka ry’Ubushinwa, kubera ko Ubuyapani bufite psychologiya ebyiri ibindi bihugu bidafite, kimwe ni ivanguramoko rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa Ubushinwa, ikindi ni icyaha gikomeye cyane.

Icyangombwa kugirango Ubuyapani bugire inyungu zikoranabuhanga nuko abashinwa banze kwiga. Igihe cyose abashinwa batangiye kwiga, ni ikibazo gusa mbere yuko bamufata mubuhanga.

Gari ya moshi yihuta y’Ubuyapani yitwa Shinkansen, kandi bumva ko bonyine ku isi. Noneho bamenye neza ko gari ya moshi yihuta y'Ubushinwa ibaruta. Ubufaransa, Ubuyapani, n'Ubushinwa nibyo bitatu byingenzi byihuta bya gari ya moshi kwisi. Turi beza. Shinkansen y’Ubuyapani ifite umuvuduko wo hejuru wa kilometero 246 mu isaha, Ubufaransa bufite kilometero 272, naho mu Bushinwa, ntiburenza kilometero 300 mu isaha. Ukurikije ibipimo by’Ubushinwa, mu Buyapani nta gari ya moshi yihuta. Nigute umuvuduko wa kilometero 246 ushobora kwitwa gari ya moshi yihuta?

Ubushinwa ni igihugu cyiza cyane mubihugu bikomeye. Ubuyapani bwatsinze ikosa, ariko ntiyigeze amenya ikosa, bityo ejo hazaza h’umubano w’Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani ugomba kuba ikibazo cyane.

C. Umubano wUbushinwa nu Buhinde ugomba no kuba ibibazo cyane mugihe kizaza

Iki nikibazo rwose kubera amakimbirane yumupaka. Noneho mubyukuri, twazamutse icyarimwe kandi turi mubihe byo guhatanira ingamba.

Icya gatatu: Imbaraga zingana hagati yimyaka icumi iri imbere zikwiye kwitabwaho cyane

Mubitekerezo byanjye, ibihugu bine biciriritse dukwiye kwitondera byumwihariko mugihe kizaza ni Vietnam, Indoneziya, Irani, na Turukiya.

a. Vietnam

Inganda za Vietnam zigomba kuba nziza. Ifite ubushobozi bwinganda, kandi ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 90, vuba aha izaba irenga miliyoni 100. Umubare wabaturage urahari kandi ubushobozi bwinganda nabwo burahari.

Ibyavuye mu mibare mpuzamahanga ya Olempike byasohotse, Koreya y'Epfo iza ku mwanya wa mbere, Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa kabiri, naho Vietnam iza ku mwanya wa gatatu. Ndibwira ko Vietnam ikiri igihugu gikomeye cyane, hanyuma ingamba za diplomasi nazo ni nziza cyane, zikwiye kwitabwaho.

b. Indoneziya

Indoneziya iherereye ni ngombwa, kandi irashobora kungukirwa no kuzamuka kwUbushinwa nu Buhinde. Ikigo cy’ingamba z’Amerika cyongeye kuza hano, kandi ibihugu bitatu bikomeye cyane bizaba hano ejo hazaza. Arashobora gukoresha izo mbaraga. Indoneziya ubwayo ifite umubare munini w'abaturage, umutungo mwiza n'ibidukikije, hamwe n'akarere keza.

c. Irani

Irani ifite umuco muremure, kandi umurage wumuco wimyaka 5000 nibyiza cyane. Abaturage b'iki gihugu na bo ni benshi, kandi ubutaka bw'igihugu bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 1.6 ntabwo ari buto. Ntekereza ko kuzamuka kwa Irani, intwari ya mbere ari Amerika, naho iya kabiri ni iyayo.

Mubyukuri, Irani ntiyigeze imererwa neza mugihe runaka. Nyuma ya Revolution ya Green muri 1979, Uburengerazuba bwose bwarayihagaritse kubera Abanyamerika bari bugwate. Isi y'Abasuni yarayihagaritse. Abifashijwemo n’iburengerazuba na Arabiya Sawudite, Saddam yagiye kumukubita. Irani na Irani Nyuma yimyaka umunani nigice nyuma yintambara, Irani yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni 4,6.

Yakubiswe mu gisirikare, mu bwigunge muri politiki, no mu bukungu biragoye cyane, kubera ko nyuma y’ikibazo cya kabiri cya peteroli mu 1979, Abanyaburengerazuba bahinduye inganda, hanyuma igiciro cya peteroli kiragabanuka. Irani yashingiye kuri peteroli, bityo yabaye mubukungu kuva kera. Biragoye cyane. Ariko muri iki kinyejana, hifashishijwe Abanyamerika, ubu ni amafi yumunyu yahindutse kandi ari muzima. Kurugero, ikintu cya mbere Amerika ikora nukwica umwanzi wacyo wa kera Saddam.

Irani ntabwo ifite igitutu kinini ku mutekano, dipolomasi nayo yarahindutse, kandi ibiciro bya peteroli byazamutse mu myaka yashize, kandi ubukungu bwarwo buba muzima, bityo Irani ubu ihagaze neza cyane kuruta uko byari bimeze mu myaka icumi ishize, kandi iracyafite icyizere mu bihe biri imbere.

Byongeye kandi, kuki Isiraheli itinya cyane?

Kuberako bishoboka ko aricyo gihugu cyonyine mubihugu byabayisilamu gifite iterabwoba nyaryo kuri Isiraheli mugihe kizaza, abandi bantu rwose ntabwo bafite ubwo bushobozi. Kubera ko Isiraheli itinya cyane, Amerika yayobowe na Isiraheli, none ni ngombwa kuyikosora.

Ariko uko yagwa kose, Irani izakomeza kuba ingufu zigenga zo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kandi zigire uruhare.

d. Turukiya

Perezida wa Turkiya, Erdogan ararikira cyane. Arashaka gushyira mubikorwa neo-Ottomanism, izazana impinduka nyinshi muburasirazuba bwo hagati.

Icya kane: Icyerekezo cyiterambere mumyaka icumi iri imbere

a.Kwiga rusange

Mugukoresha amakuru yibanze yashizweho, agaciro karashobora gukurwa mumibare. Ariko uko ingano yamakuru yiyongera, guhuza amakuru bigenda bigorana.

Igisubizo cyiki kibazo nikintu gishya cyo kwiga imashini, kizwi nka federasiyo yo kwiga. Aho kohereza amakuru kuri algorithms, kwiga federasiyo yohereza amakuru kuri algorithm.

Urashobora kuba warabonye ibyiza byo kwiga federasiyo utabizi. Iyo wanditse inyandiko kuri terefone yawe, nkuko wandika, uburyo bwo kwinjiza buguha amahitamo menshi ashoboka. Iyinjiza Ibyifuzo mubyukuri byakozwe na moderi yo kwiga imashini.

Amategeko yerekeye ubuzima bwite abuza pome, Google, n’abandi kohereza ubutumwa bwawe bwite kuri algorithms zabo. Bakoresha rero kwiga federal guhugura icyitegererezo kuri terefone yawe.

Ibyiza byibanga ryabakoresha biza kumafaranga yo gukoresha algorithms kubikoresho. Kwiga muri reta birakwiriye kubisabwa bireba ubuzima bwite.

b. E-siporo n'imyidagaduro

Esports izahinduka inganda nini kuruta siporo isanzwe.

“Turi basketball, turi NBA, turi buke bwa ESPN” - Netflix asobanura esports

Urashobora kumva capitaine avuga muri make nyuma yumukino wa siporo gakondo. Muri esport, itsinda ryose rihora ryerekanwa neza. Ibi byorohereza abareba kumva storyline ya esport. Kandi amasosiyete yimikino ahora ahindura amategeko yumukino kugirango arusheho gushimisha.

c. Guhagarika hamwe na bitcoin

Guhagarika ni ikintu kiranga, kandi kwizera ni inyungu zibyo biranga.

Habayeho ibiganiro byinshi kubyerekeye urufunguzo rwo kuzana blocain muburyo rusange. Ubuyobozi bwibanze buracyagoye. Nizera ko ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya blocain rizaba ahanini inyuma yumushinga utanga imishinga.

Biragoye guhindura inzira zihari hamwe na blocain. Irasaba inkunga yabafatanyabikorwa benshi no kubona amakuru yizewe kuva kumurongo kugirango ube urunigi. Kugirango yemererwe muburyo rusange, imiyoborere yingenzi, kubika, no gukira bigomba gukemurwa.

Nk’uko bitcoin ibivuga, ibihembo ku bacukuzi bigabanywa kabiri kuri buri bice 210.000 byacukuwe, ibyo bita kabiri. Hagati ya 2020, bizaba byikubye kabiri ku nshuro ya gatatu, benshi bavuga ko bizageza ku isoko rishya ry'inka. John McAfee afite icyizere (avuga ko bitcoin izagera ku $ 500.000 mu mpera za 2020). Ndizera ko bafite ukuri.

Bitcoin yananiwe nk'ifaranga, ariko yatsinze nk'ububiko bw'agaciro.

d. nta modoka

Kwakira imodoka zitagira shoferi bizatinda kubera imbogamizi zigenga, ariko amaherezo capitalism izatsinda.

Amafaranga yo gutwara abantu azaba hafi ya zeru.

Netscape yatanze urubuga rwa Amazone, Google, na Facebook, kandi amato atagira shoferi azaba urubuga rushya rutezwa imbere. Mugihe ikiguzi cyo gutanga kigabanutse kuri zeru, bizakingura imishinga mishya yubucuruzi idafite ishingiro nonaha, nka:

Gutegura ibiryo bya moteri kugirango pizza yawe iba nshya mumatara mugihe ugezeyo.

Gutanga amakuru ateganijwe, itegeko ryoherezwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera.

Ibiro bigendanwa mugihe cyo kugenda.

Icyumba cyo kwerekana umuryango "mumfashe gukora igisekuru" bituma ibicuruzwa bigaruka byoroshye nko kubitanga.

Koresha ibintu bifite imikoreshereze mike kubisabwa.

Ihame ryo gukora-mugihe gikwiye bizatera izamuka ryigihe-cyo gukoresha.

e. abatuye isi baziyongera kuri miliyari 1 muri 2030, kandi ikirere muri rusange kizakomeza gushyuha

Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ku isi uko abantu babibona muri raporo ya 2019, abatuye isi bazagera kuri miliyari 8.5 mu 2030.

Umubare w'abaturage bageze mu za bukuru uragenda wiyongera cyane, aho umuntu umwe ku munani urengeje imyaka 65.

Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, kugeza mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21, Afurika izaba ifite umubare w'abaturage bakuze cyane ku isi.

Abahanga ba Loni bavuga ko 60 ku ijana by'abatuye isi bazaba batuye mu mijyi bitarenze 2030, kandi umubare w'imijyi ituwe na miliyoni imwe uziyongera uva kuri 548 muri 2018 ujye kuri 706.

Kugeza 2030, umubare w'abantu bavutse nyuma ya 2000 uzarenga miliyari 2, ube inkingi y'ubuzima bwa politiki, ubukungu, n'imibereho.

Kugeza 2030, ubushyuhe bwisi buzamuka kuri dogere selisiyusi 1.5. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’isi. Ikinyamakuru cyigenga cyatangaje ko imihindagurikire y’ibihe izatwara isi miliyari 2 z'amadolari y’umusaruro wabuze. Raporo ya banki y'isi ivuga ko urwego rw'ubuhinzi muri Afurika rushobora kubona amahirwe yo kuzamuka angana na tiriyari imwe y'amadolari.

f. e-ubucuruzi buratera imbere

E-ubucuruzi buzaba uburyo nyamukuru bwubucuruzi mpuzamahanga na moteri yiterambere ryubukungu.

Dukurikije imibare ya unctad, igurishwa rya e-ubucuruzi ku isi ryarenze tiriyari 29 z'amadolari muri 2019, muri bo 88% ni B2B na 12% ni B2C. Ubunini bwa B2C bwari miliyari 412 z'amadolari y'Amerika, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa. Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, na Afurika yepfo nibyo bihugu byihuta cyane mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi.

19.2 ku ijana by'abakoresha interineti mu Burusiya bakoresha e-ubucuruzi, bivuye ku kigereranyo cya 16% ku isi. Kwishyura kuri terefone bizahita biba rusange mubihugu bifite sisitemu nziza ya banki. Nk’uko ZDNet ibivuga, 86 ku ijana by'Abashinwa ni abakoresha umufuka wa interineti, baza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. PWC ivuga ko Indoneziya, Tayilande na Filipine biri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere ku isi byakira telefone zigendanwa. Kwishura kuri terefone bigenda bikwirakwira kwisi yose.

Ubwoko bwose bwibimenyetso byerekana B2C izahinduka uburyo nyamukuru bwubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki. Kurugero, itsinda rya Lazada, umuyoboro wa e-ubucuruzi uterwa inkunga na Alibaba, ryatangaje ko rizatera inkunga miliyoni 8 ba rwiyemezamirimo ba e-bucuruzi n’inganda nto n'iziciriritse mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya bitarenze 2030.

Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, abaturage benshi ku isi bazinjizwa cyane muri gahunda y'inguzanyo.

Muri ubwo buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi, ibihano by’ubukungu, kutabogama, no gukumira ibicuruzwa bizatakaza imbaraga kandi binanirwa gukumira izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’isi ndetse n’akarere.